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Outer Space & Universe

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Outer Space & Universe

Space, also known as outer space, is the near-vacuum between celestial bodies. It is where everything (all of the planets, stars, galaxies and other objects) is found.

On Earth, space begins at the Kármán line (100 km above sea level). This is where Earth's atmosphere is said to stop and outer space begins. This is not a firm boundary but is a convention used by scientists and diplomats.

Items in space are free to move back and forth; up and down; and left and right. These three dimensions are what make 3D space. Items also move forward through time, which is sometimes called the fourth dimension.

The majority of space contains very little matter and so most of it is a vacuum. Scientists do not know how big space is but we do know that space is extremely big, and is always expanding.

According to the big bang theory, all matter and energy in the Universe was compressed into a very small space. Then it exploded and started expanding. Space is still growing in size today; this means the distance from one galaxy to distant galaxies is getting longer.

Gravity is the force that keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth and the planets in orbit around the Sun. Gravity can stretch and bend space similar to how a heavy ball placed on a stretched sheet of rubber will cause the rubber to stretch. The scientist who discovered that space can bend is named Albert Einstein. How gravity bends space is part of his theory of general relativity.

Astronauts, Cosmonauts, Taikonauts and Spationauts

An astronaut is any person who is trained by NASA to travel and perform tasks in space. Although the space traveler may not necessarily be a United States citizen, each astronaut does go through a rigorous training regiment by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Other space travelers go by other names then astronaut depending on their country of origin.

In the United States, astronaut is derived from the Greek words ástron (star) and nautis (sailor). While, in Russia, a space traveler goes by the name космонавт (English: cosmonaut), which is derived from the Greek words kosmos (universe) and nautis (sailor). Westerners call a space traveler from China a taikonaut, based on the 1998 writings of Chiew Lee Yik and Chen Lan where the term tàikōng (great emptiness), Chinese for “space”. In China, the term yuháng yuán (universe navigator) is used for space traveler.

Only the United States of America (United States), Russia (earlier, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), and the People’s Republic of China (China) have sent manned spacecraft into space. Other countries have assisted these countries by sending their own space travelers on space missions. For instance, a French space traveler is called a spationaut (from the French word spationaute), which is derived from the Latin spatium (space) and Greek nautis (sailor). (plural in Greek nautes = sailors)

 

  • 01:00 Zoom into Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex

    Zoom into Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex

    by Shubnigg Added 91 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes the viewer on a journey through space to the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex. From our cosmic backyard in the Solar System to distant galaxies near the dawn of time, the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope has delivered on its promise of r

  • 01:21 Zoom into the Bubble Nebula

    Zoom into the Bubble Nebula

    by Shubnigg Added 781 Views / 0 Likes

    Zoom into the Bubble Nebula

  • 01:00 Zoom into the Cartwheel Galaxy

    Zoom into the Cartwheel Galaxy

    by Shubnigg Added 112 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes the viewer on a journey that zooms through space to reveal the Cartwheel Galaxy. This image of the Cartwheel and its companion galaxies is a composite from Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), which rev

  • 01:00 Zoom into the cosmic seahorse

    Zoom into the cosmic seahorse

    by Shubnigg Added 84 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes a viewer on a journey through space to the latest ESA/Webb Picture of the Month, the cosmic seahorse.Streaks of light and bright arcs betray the presence of a vast gravitational lens in this image. A galaxy cluster in the foreground has m

  • 00:50 Zoom into the Crab Nebula

    Zoom into the Crab Nebula

    by Shubnigg Added 122 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes the viewer on a cosmic journey to the Crab Nebula.The new image of the object revealed at the end from NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope was captured by the NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) and MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) instrument

  • 01:30 Zoom into the Horsehead Nebula

    Zoom into the Horsehead Nebula

    by Shubnigg Added 141 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes the viewer on a journey through space to reveal a new image from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, the Horsehead Nebula. This zoom video features three unique views of the Horsehead Nebula, including images from as ESA’s Euclid

  • 00:53 Zoom into the Milky Way's Sagittarius A* black hole! New Event Horizon Telescope image

    Zoom into the Milky Way's Sagittarius A* black hole! New Event Horizon Telescope image

    by Shubnigg Added 62 Views / 0 Likes

    A new image of supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration "has uncovered strong and organised magnetic fields spiraling from its edge," according to ESO. Zoom into the view here. Credit: ESO/L. Ca

  • 01:00 Zoom Into the Southern Ring Nebula (NIRCam Image)

    Zoom Into the Southern Ring Nebula (NIRCam Image)

    by Shubnigg Added 225 Views / 0 Likes

    This video zooms through space to reveal Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) image of the Southern Ring Nebula.The bright star at the centre of NGC 3132, while prominent when viewed by the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Telescope in near-infrared light, plays a

  • 00:40 Zoom Into the Supernova Remnant Expansion 1E 0102.2-7219

    Zoom Into the Supernova Remnant Expansion 1E 0102.2-7219

    by Shubnigg Added 196 Views / 0 Likes

    This ESA/Hubble video zooms into an expanding, gaseous corpse — a supernova remnant — known as 1E 0102.2-7219. It is the remnant of a star that exploded long ago in the Small Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of our Milky Way located roughly 200 000 li

  • 01:00 Zoom Into the Tarantula Nebula

    Zoom Into the Tarantula Nebula

    by Shubnigg Added 222 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes the viewer on a journey that zooms through space to reveal the Tarantula Nebula.Thousands of never-before-seen young stars are spotted in the stellar nursery called 30 Doradus, captured by the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. It i

  • 01:00 Zoom into Webb’s View of the Pillars of Creation

    Zoom into Webb’s View of the Pillars of Creation

    by Shubnigg Added 127 Views / 0 Likes

    The Pillars of Creation are set off in a kaleidoscope of colour in the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope’s near-infrared-light view. The pillars look like arches and spires rising out of a desert landscape, but are filled with semi-transparent gas a

  • 01:00 Zoom Into Wolf-Rayet 124

    Zoom Into Wolf-Rayet 124

    by Shubnigg Added 110 Views / 0 Likes

    This video takes the viewer on a journey through space to one of Webb’s first observations in 2022, the Wolf-Rayet star WR 124, seen here in unprecedented detail.Despite being the scene of an impending stellar ‘death’, astronomers also look to Wolf-Rayet

  • 00:51 Zoom of UGC 2885

    Zoom of UGC 2885

    by Shubnigg Added 226 Views / 0 Likes

    This video zooms into the gigantic galaxy known as UGC 2885, which may just be the largest one in the local universe. It is 2.5 times wider than our Milky Way and contains 10 times as many stars. This galaxy is 232 million light-years away, located in the

  • 00:51 Zoom on a a part of the Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy

    Zoom on a a part of the Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy

    by Shubnigg Added 503 Views / 0 Likes

    Zoom on a a part of the Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy

  • 00:51 Zoom on Arp 256

    Zoom on Arp 256

    by Shubnigg Added 561 Views / 0 Likes

    This video zooms in on the two interacting spiral galaxies of the ARP 256 system, about 350 million light-years away. It starts with a view of the night sky, focused on the constellation of Cetus (the Sea Monster), as seen from the ground. It then zooms t

  • 00:51 Zoom on AU Mic

    Zoom on AU Mic

    by Shubnigg Added 496 Views / 0 Likes

    Zoom on AU Mic

  • 00:41 Zoom on galaxies

    Zoom on galaxies

    by Shubnigg Added 621 Views / 0 Likes

    Zoom on galaxies

  • 00:51 Zoom on NGC 1052-DF2

    Zoom on NGC 1052-DF2

    by shub Added 378 Views / 0 Likes

    This video zooms in from a view of the night sky, through the constellation of Cetus (the Whale), to end on the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope observations of the ultra diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2. This is the first galaxy to be found to not have dark ma

  • 00:51 Zoom on NGC 5256

    Zoom on NGC 5256

    by Shubnigg Added 464 Views / 0 Likes

    Zoom on NGC 5256

  • 00:33 Zoom video (Serpens Nebula)

    Zoom video (Serpens Nebula)

    by Shubnigg Added 47 Views / 0 Likes

    This zoom-in video shows the relative location of the Serpens Nebula on the sky. It begins with a ground-based photo by the late astrophotographer Akira Fujii, then transitions into a plate from the Digitized Sky Survey. Next, an image from NASA’s Spitzer

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