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Outer Space & Universe

Space, also known as outer space, is the near-vacuum between celestial bodies. It is where everything (all of the planets, stars, galaxies and other objects) is found.

On Earth, space begins at the Kármán line (100 km above sea level). This is where Earth's atmosphere is said to stop and outer space begins. This is not a firm boundary but is a convention used by scientists and diplomats.

Items in space are free to move back and forth; up and down; and left and right. These three dimensions are what make 3D space. Items also move forward through time, which is sometimes called the fourth dimension.

The majority of space contains very little matter and so most of it is a vacuum. Scientists do not know how big space is but we do know that space is extremely big, and is always expanding.

According to the big bang theory, all matter and energy in the Universe was compressed into a very small space. Then it exploded and started expanding. Space is still growing in size today; this means the distance from one galaxy to distant galaxies is getting longer.

Gravity is the force that keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth and the planets in orbit around the Sun. Gravity can stretch and bend space similar to how a heavy ball placed on a stretched sheet of rubber will cause the rubber to stretch. The scientist who discovered that space can bend is named Albert Einstein. How gravity bends space is part of his theory of general relativity.

Astronauts, Cosmonauts, Taikonauts and Spationauts

An astronaut is any person who is trained by NASA to travel and perform tasks in space. Although the space traveler may not necessarily be a United States citizen, each astronaut does go through a rigorous training regiment by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Other space travelers go by other names then astronaut depending on their country of origin.

In the United States, astronaut is derived from the Greek words ástron (star) and nautis (sailor). While, in Russia, a space traveler goes by the name космонавт (English: cosmonaut), which is derived from the Greek words kosmos (universe) and nautis (sailor). Westerners call a space traveler from China a taikonaut, based on the 1998 writings of Chiew Lee Yik and Chen Lan where the term tàikōng (great emptiness), Chinese for “space”. In China, the term yuháng yuán (universe navigator) is used for space traveler.

Only the United States of America (United States), Russia (earlier, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), and the People’s Republic of China (China) have sent manned spacecraft into space. Other countries have assisted these countries by sending their own space travelers on space missions. For instance, a French space traveler is called a spationaut (from the French word spationaute), which is derived from the Latin spatium (space) and Greek nautis (sailor). (plural in Greek nautes = sailors)

 

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  • New Watch live! China's Shenzhou 19 crew launches to Tiangong space station

    Watch live! China's Shenzhou 19 crew launches to Tiangong space station

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    9A Chines Long March 2F rocket launched the Shenzhou 18 crew to the Tiangong space station from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on Oct. 29, 2024. The Shenzhou 19 crew is Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze.Credit: China Central Television (CCTV)

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    China's Shenzhou 19 crew enters Tiangong space station after docking

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    China's Shenzhou 19 crew, Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, completed ingress into the Tiangong space station shortly after docking on Oct. 29, 2024 (Oct 30 - Beijing time). See their launch: https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecr

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    The Mastcam-Z camera on NASA’s Perseverance rover captured the Martian moon Phobos on Sept. 30, 2024 as it eclipsed the sun. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech | edited by Space.comMusic: Mysterious Forest by Howard Harper-Barnes / courtesy of http://www.epidemicso

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    ESO's VLT Survey Telescope has captured imagery of the Dark Wolf Nebula, located about 5300 light-years from Earth. Credit: ESO

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    Pan video: NGC 2207 (Webb and Hubble image)

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    These galaxies have only grazed one another so far, with the smaller spiral on the left, catalogued as IC 2163, ever so slowly ‘creeping’ behind NGC 2207, the spiral galaxy on the right, millions of years ago.The pair’s macabre colours represent a combina

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    NGC 2207 (Hubble/Webb image and Webb MIRI image)

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    These galaxies have only grazed one another so far, with the smaller spiral on the left, catalogued as IC 2163, ever so slowly ‘creeping’ behind NGC 2207, the spiral galaxy on the right, millions of years ago.This first image is a combination of mid-infra

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    Pan video: NGC 2207 (Webb MIRI image)

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    The James Webb Space Telescope’s mid-infrared image of galaxies IC 2163 and NGC 2207 recalls the iciness of long-dead bones mixed with eerie vapours. Two large luminous ‘eyes’ lie at the galaxies’ cores, and gauzy spiral arms reach out into the vast dista

  • 00:30 New Pan video: NGC 2207 (Webb and Hubble image)

    Pan video: NGC 2207 (Webb and Hubble image)

    by Added 2 Views / 0 Likes

    These galaxies have only grazed one another so far, with the smaller spiral on the left, catalogued as IC 2163, ever so slowly ‘creeping’ behind NGC 2207, the spiral galaxy on the right, millions of years ago.The pair’s macabre colours represent a combina

  • 00:30 New NGC 2207 (Hubble/Webb image and Webb MIRI image)

    NGC 2207 (Hubble/Webb image and Webb MIRI image)

    by Added 2 Views / 0 Likes

    These galaxies have only grazed one another so far, with the smaller spiral on the left, catalogued as IC 2163, ever so slowly ‘creeping’ behind NGC 2207, the spiral galaxy on the right, millions of years ago.This first image is a combination of mid-infra

  • 00:30 New Pan video: NGC 2207 (Webb MIRI image)

    Pan video: NGC 2207 (Webb MIRI image)

    by Added 2 Views / 0 Likes

    The James Webb Space Telescope’s mid-infrared image of galaxies IC 2163 and NGC 2207 recalls the iciness of long-dead bones mixed with eerie vapours. Two large luminous ‘eyes’ lie at the galaxies’ cores, and gauzy spiral arms reach out into the vast dista

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    Hubble and Webb imagery of galaxy pair resembles creepy 'blood red eyes'

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    See Hubble and Webb space telescope views of spiral galaxies IC 2163 at left and NGC 2207. The pair are about 114 million light-years from Earth.Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Danielle Kirshenblat (STScI)

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    RED ALERT! Double Hurricane* Threat! X-Class Flare! Severe Weather! Lots of Near Earth Asteroids!

    by Added 2 Views / 0 Likes

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