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Outer Space & Universe

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Outer Space & Universe

Space, also known as outer space, is the near-vacuum between celestial bodies. It is where everything (all of the planets, stars, galaxies and other objects) is found.

On Earth, space begins at the Kármán line (100 km above sea level). This is where Earth's atmosphere is said to stop and outer space begins. This is not a firm boundary but is a convention used by scientists and diplomats.

Items in space are free to move back and forth; up and down; and left and right. These three dimensions are what make 3D space. Items also move forward through time, which is sometimes called the fourth dimension.

The majority of space contains very little matter and so most of it is a vacuum. Scientists do not know how big space is but we do know that space is extremely big, and is always expanding.

According to the big bang theory, all matter and energy in the Universe was compressed into a very small space. Then it exploded and started expanding. Space is still growing in size today; this means the distance from one galaxy to distant galaxies is getting longer.

Gravity is the force that keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth and the planets in orbit around the Sun. Gravity can stretch and bend space similar to how a heavy ball placed on a stretched sheet of rubber will cause the rubber to stretch. The scientist who discovered that space can bend is named Albert Einstein. How gravity bends space is part of his theory of general relativity.

Astronauts, Cosmonauts, Taikonauts and Spationauts

An astronaut is any person who is trained by NASA to travel and perform tasks in space. Although the space traveler may not necessarily be a United States citizen, each astronaut does go through a rigorous training regiment by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Other space travelers go by other names then astronaut depending on their country of origin.

In the United States, astronaut is derived from the Greek words ástron (star) and nautis (sailor). While, in Russia, a space traveler goes by the name космонавт (English: cosmonaut), which is derived from the Greek words kosmos (universe) and nautis (sailor). Westerners call a space traveler from China a taikonaut, based on the 1998 writings of Chiew Lee Yik and Chen Lan where the term tàikōng (great emptiness), Chinese for “space”. In China, the term yuháng yuán (universe navigator) is used for space traveler.

Only the United States of America (United States), Russia (earlier, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), and the People’s Republic of China (China) have sent manned spacecraft into space. Other countries have assisted these countries by sending their own space travelers on space missions. For instance, a French space traveler is called a spationaut (from the French word spationaute), which is derived from the Latin spatium (space) and Greek nautis (sailor). (plural in Greek nautes = sailors)

 

  • 01:33 Spacesuit Leak - Astronaut Reports Floating Water | Video

    Spacesuit Leak - Astronaut Reports Floating Water | Video

    by shub Added 812 Views / 0 Likes

    Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano noticed excessive water in his helmet during a spacewalk on July 16th, 2013. He reports feeling water on the back of his head to NASA mission control.

  • 00:48 Human and Robot Talk for the First Time in Space | Video

    Human and Robot Talk for the First Time in Space | Video

    by shub Added 800 Views / 0 Likes

    In a first for robot-human relations, Japanese astronaut Koichi Wakata chatted with the talking robot Kirobo aboard in the International Space Station on Dec. 6.

  • 01:03 Hadfield Hits: How To Shave In Space | Video

    Hadfield Hits: How To Shave In Space | Video

    by shub Added 758 Views / 0 Likes

    The Expedition 35 commander demonstrates how astronauts shave on the International Space Station.

  • 02:14 Space Station Boost Proves Newton's Laws - All 3 of Them!

    Space Station Boost Proves Newton's Laws - All 3 of Them!

    by shub Added 769 Views / 0 Likes

    Expedition 29 crew demonstrate what happens to free floating objects (including people) when ISS is boosted into a higher orbit. Astronauts Mike Fossum, Satoshi Furukawa and Sergei Volkov -- plus one ball -- subject themselves to Sir Isaac's whims.

  • 01:58 How Long Does It Take Space Station To Orbit Earth? | Video

    How Long Does It Take Space Station To Orbit Earth? | Video

    by shub Added 752 Views / 0 Likes

    ISS commander Chris Hadfield explains orbital mechanics to a high school student.

  • 09:40 ISS Tour: Russian Segment&Soyuz Spacecraft | Video

    ISS Tour: Russian Segment&Soyuz Spacecraft | Video

    by shub Added 689 Views / 0 Likes

    Expedition 33 commander Suni Williams showcases the oldest segment (Zarya) on the ISS , the central command post (Zvezda) and takes a look inside spaceship that will take her home.

  • 06:08 ISS Tour: Cupola, Weightlifting and A Closet Module | Video

    ISS Tour: Cupola, Weightlifting and A Closet Module | Video

    by shub Added 701 Views / 0 Likes

    Expedition 33 commander Suni Williams showcases the observation deck, the advanced resistive exercise device and the Leonardo Permanent Multi-purporpse Module (PMM).

  • 05:11 ISS Tour: Labs, Exercise Bike&Space Suits | Video

    ISS Tour: Labs, Exercise Bike&Space Suits | Video

    by shub Added 812 Views / 0 Likes

    Expedition 33 commander Suni Williams showcases the Japanese, American and European laboratories are toured. Also a look at the station's space suits. Destiny, Columbus and Kibo nodes are toured.

  • 02:27 How To Shave Your Head In Space | Video

    How To Shave Your Head In Space | Video

    by shub Added 778 Views / 0 Likes

    Astronaut Chris Cassidy shaved his head while on the International Space Station to welcome his new crewmate Luca Parmitano.

  • 02:42 Astronaut Plays Flute on Space Station

    Astronaut Plays Flute on Space Station

    by shub Added 827 Views / 0 Likes

    Flight Engineer Cady Coleman demonstrates playing a flute on the International Space Station during an interview with National Public Radio's "All Things Considered." Credit: NASA/NPR

  • 01:54 Astronauts Drink Urine and Other Waste Water | Video

    Astronauts Drink Urine and Other Waste Water | Video

    by shub Added 917 Views / 0 Likes

    ISS commander Chris Hadfield explains how astronauts stay hydrated and why Space Station must try to recycle everything. -- Life in Space: Astronaut Chris Hadfield's Video Guide: http://goo.gl/fdgcgU

  • 01:46 How To Wash Your Hands In Space | Video

    How To Wash Your Hands In Space | Video

    by shub Added 833 Views / 0 Likes

    ISS Commander Chris Hadfield shows us the fine points of manual digital hygiene in microgravity. A clean-handed astronaut is a happy astronaut. -- Life in Space: Astronaut Chris Hadfield's Video Guide: http://goo.gl/fdgcgU

  • 01:48 How To Barf, Puke, Vomit In Space | Video

    How To Barf, Puke, Vomit In Space | Video

    by shub Added 889 Views / 0 Likes

    How do you upchuck if there is no up or down? ISS commander Chris Hadfield explains what astronauts do if they have to vomit. -- Life in Space: Astronaut Chris Hadfield's Video Guide: http://goo.gl/fdgcgU

  • 08:42 ISS Tour: Kitchen, Bedrooms&The Latrine | Video

    ISS Tour: Kitchen, Bedrooms&The Latrine | Video

    by shub Added 774 Views / 0 Likes

    Expedition 33 commander Suni Williams showcase the sleeping accomodations, how the bathroom is utilized, brushing teeth in microgravity and the common room with food. Harmony, Tranquility and Unity are the nodes toured.

  • 03:12 How To Brush Your Teeth In Space | Video

    How To Brush Your Teeth In Space | Video

    by shub Added 631 Views / 0 Likes

    ISS commander Chris Hadfield explains how astronauts maintains oral hygiene aboard the International Space Station. -- Life in Space: Astronaut Chris Hadfield's Video Guide: http://goo.gl/fdgcgU

  • 06:01 Yo-Yo Tricks In Space - Astronauts Tests His Skills | Video

    Yo-Yo Tricks In Space - Astronauts Tests His Skills | Video

    by shub Added 767 Views / 0 Likes

    Fun with Physics! NASA astronaut Don Pettit enjoyed some of his off-duty time showcasing yo-yo behavior in microgravity aboard the International Space Station. Read more from Don Pettit http://goo.gl/FKrO8

  • 02:44 How Do You Sleep In Space? | Video

    How Do You Sleep In Space? | Video

    by shub Added 834 Views / 0 Likes

    ISS commander Chris Hadfield shows how astronauts catch their Z's in Space. -- Life in Space: Astronaut Chris Hadfield's Video Guide: http://goo.gl/fdgcgU

  • 01:25 Can You Cry In Space? | Video

    Can You Cry In Space? | Video

    by shub Added 623 Views / 0 Likes

    ISS commander Chris Hadfield demonstrates what happens to tears if they start 'falling' in Space. -- Life in Space: Astronaut Chris Hadfield's Video Guide: http://goo.gl/fdgcgU

  • 03:18 Wet Washcloth In Space - What Happens When You Wring It? | Video

    Wet Washcloth In Space - What Happens When You Wring It? | Video

    by shub Added 640 Views / 0 Likes

    International Space Station commander Chris Hadfield soaks a washcloth, gives it a twist, and...well, you'll see. -- Life in Space: Astronaut Chris Hadfield's Video Guide: http://goo.gl/fdgcgU

  • 02:58 Astronaut Tips: How to Wash Your Hair in Space | Video

    Astronaut Tips: How to Wash Your Hair in Space | Video

    by shub Added 812 Views / 0 Likes

    NASA astronaut Karen Nyberg shows how she washes her long hair in space while living in weightlessness on the International Space Station. Hint: No rinse shampoo is a must. Read more about it here: http://goo.gl/qlb8YT Credit: NASA

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