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Outer Space & Universe

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Outer Space & Universe

Space, also known as outer space, is the near-vacuum between celestial bodies. It is where everything (all of the planets, stars, galaxies and other objects) is found.

On Earth, space begins at the Kármán line (100 km above sea level). This is where Earth's atmosphere is said to stop and outer space begins. This is not a firm boundary but is a convention used by scientists and diplomats.

Items in space are free to move back and forth; up and down; and left and right. These three dimensions are what make 3D space. Items also move forward through time, which is sometimes called the fourth dimension.

The majority of space contains very little matter and so most of it is a vacuum. Scientists do not know how big space is but we do know that space is extremely big, and is always expanding.

According to the big bang theory, all matter and energy in the Universe was compressed into a very small space. Then it exploded and started expanding. Space is still growing in size today; this means the distance from one galaxy to distant galaxies is getting longer.

Gravity is the force that keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth and the planets in orbit around the Sun. Gravity can stretch and bend space similar to how a heavy ball placed on a stretched sheet of rubber will cause the rubber to stretch. The scientist who discovered that space can bend is named Albert Einstein. How gravity bends space is part of his theory of general relativity.

Astronauts, Cosmonauts, Taikonauts and Spationauts

An astronaut is any person who is trained by NASA to travel and perform tasks in space. Although the space traveler may not necessarily be a United States citizen, each astronaut does go through a rigorous training regiment by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Other space travelers go by other names then astronaut depending on their country of origin.

In the United States, astronaut is derived from the Greek words ástron (star) and nautis (sailor). While, in Russia, a space traveler goes by the name космонавт (English: cosmonaut), which is derived from the Greek words kosmos (universe) and nautis (sailor). Westerners call a space traveler from China a taikonaut, based on the 1998 writings of Chiew Lee Yik and Chen Lan where the term tàikōng (great emptiness), Chinese for “space”. In China, the term yuháng yuán (universe navigator) is used for space traveler.

Only the United States of America (United States), Russia (earlier, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), and the People’s Republic of China (China) have sent manned spacecraft into space. Other countries have assisted these countries by sending their own space travelers on space missions. For instance, a French space traveler is called a spationaut (from the French word spationaute), which is derived from the Latin spatium (space) and Greek nautis (sailor). (plural in Greek nautes = sailors)

 

  • 03:47 Space to Ground: On the Station, On the Moon: March 07, 2025

    Space to Ground: On the Station, On the Moon: March 07, 2025

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    NASA's Space to Ground is your weekly update on what's happening aboard the International Space Station. Got a question or comment? Use #AskNASA to talk to us.Learn more about the important research being operated on Station:https://www.nasa.gov/iss-scien

  • 08:10 NASA's SpaceX Crew-10 takes Tesla ride to rocket for 2nd launch attempt

    NASA's SpaceX Crew-10 takes Tesla ride to rocket for 2nd launch attempt

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    NASA astronauts Anne McClain and Nichole Ayers, JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Takuya Onishi and Roscosmos cosmonaut Kirill Peskov walk out of the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building and enter SpaceX's Tesla Model Xs for t

  • 00:30 Pan: Veil Nebula

    Pan: Veil Nebula

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    In this NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope Picture of the Week, Hubble has once again lifted the veil on a famous — and frequently photographed — supernova remnant: the Veil Nebula. This nebula is the remnant of a star roughly 20 times as massive as the Sun

  • 01:02 President Trump says the US will “plant stars and stripes on planet Mars”

    President Trump says the US will “plant stars and stripes on planet Mars”

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    During his inauguration speech on Jan. 20, 2025, President Trump says that the United States will “plant stars and stripes on the planet Mars.” SpaceX CEO Elon Musk was in attendance. Full Story: https://www.space.com/space-exploration/we-will-pursue-our-

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    NASA Mars Insight lander and dust devil tracks seen in time-lapsed orbiter pics

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    NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has captured several images of the Insight lander on the Red Planet between 2018 and 2024. See a time-lapse of the imagery here. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

  • 00:48 Most massive planet known to orbit a low-mass star has been found

    Most massive planet known to orbit a low-mass star has been found

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    Gaia-4b is the most massive planet known to orbit a low-mass star. Also, see an animation for Gaia-5b, a brown dwarf orbiting a low-mass star. They were detected by the European Space Agency’s Gaia spacecraft. Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC/M. Marcussen | edited b

  • 02:55 Starship | Seventh Flight Test

    Starship | Seventh Flight Test

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    The first Starship flight test of 2025 flew with ambitious goals: seeking to repeat our previous success of launching and catching the world’s most powerful launch vehicle while putting a redesigned and upgraded Starship through a rigorous set of flight d

  • 01:02 NASA fires up X-59 supersonic aircraft's engine in preparation for 1st flight

    NASA fires up X-59 supersonic aircraft's engine in preparation for 1st flight

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    NASA and Lockheed Martin conducted a "series of engine run tests to prepare for the X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft's first flight," according to a post on X by the Glenn Research Center. Credit: NASA Glenn Research Center

  • 01:40 Thousands of black hole candidates 'uncovered' by Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

    Thousands of black hole candidates 'uncovered' by Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

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    The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) has revealed 300 new intermediate-mass black bole candidates and 2500 active black hole candidates in dwarf galaxies. Credit:Images and Videos: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J. da Silva/Legacy Surveys/D. Lang (Perimeter

  • Watch Live! Blue Origin's NS-30 Crewed Mission

    Watch Live! Blue Origin's NS-30 Crewed Mission

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    Mission NS-30 will be the 30th overall launch of Blue Origin's New Shepard rocket-capsule combo. It will be the 10th crewed flight for the company, which was established in 2000 by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos.NS-30 will lift off from Blue Origin's West Texa

  • 09:00 Demonstrating Rocket Fuel Transfer in Space

    Demonstrating Rocket Fuel Transfer in Space

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    Astronauts Matthew Dominick and Don Pettit demonstrate how spacecraft can transfer rocket fuel, or propellant, in microgravity using water bottles, water, and a fizzy tablet.   Despite advancements in technology, preserving cryogenic fuels in space for ex

  • Watch live! SpaceX Starship to launch on ambitious 8th test flight

    Watch live! SpaceX Starship to launch on ambitious 8th test flight

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    SpaceX is scheduled to launch Starship flight 8 from Starsbase in South Texas no earlier than Feb. 28, 2025. Full Story: https://www.space.com/space-exploration/private-spaceflight/spacex-targeting-feb-28-for-flight-8-of-starship-megarocket"The launch inc

  • 1:12:16 NASA Astronaut Mike Barratt’s Speech at the 2025 Human Research Program Investigators’ Workshop

    NASA Astronaut Mike Barratt’s Speech at the 2025 Human Research Program Investigators’ Workshop

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    At NASA’s 2025 Human Research Program Investigators’ Workshop in Galveston, Texas, astronaut Mike Barratt discusses his International Space Station mission and the human health research he conducted in microgravity. The workshop celebrates and reports the

  • Watch live! SpaceX to launch IM-2 moon mission atop Falcon 9 rocket

    Watch live! SpaceX to launch IM-2 moon mission atop Falcon 9 rocket

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    Intuitive Machines is poised to launch its second lunar lander in as many years, marking a significant milestone in commercial space exploration.The mission, known as IM-2, is set to lift off on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from NASA's Kennedy Space Center he

  • 02:17 How Gateway Will Support NASA’s Artemis Campaign and Pave the Way for Future Mars Missions

    How Gateway Will Support NASA’s Artemis Campaign and Pave the Way for Future Mars Missions

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    “We know how to live and work in low Earth orbit. Now, it’s time to go further.” Gateway, humanity’s first lunar space station, will advance science and exploration on and around the Moon as part of NASA’s Artemis campaign. Gateway will also help NASA and

  • 01:09 Blood moon returns in March 2025! Total lunar Eclipse explained by NASA

    Blood moon returns in March 2025! Total lunar Eclipse explained by NASA

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    Parts of the Americas will be treated to a Total Lunar Eclipse (also known as a "blood moon") on March 14, 2025. Learn when and where to see it here. [Full Story](https://www.space.com/stargazing/eclipses/total-lunar-eclipse-march-2025-when-and-where-to-s

  • 08:55 WTF! WE ARE NOW AT THE HIGHEST ALERT LEVEL POSSIBLE WITH THIS STORM.

    WTF! WE ARE NOW AT THE HIGHEST ALERT LEVEL POSSIBLE WITH THIS STORM.

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    It's true.Stay cool.God bless everyone,Thttps://www.paypal.me/THORnewshttps://venmo.com/TEric-Lewisonhttps://www.patreon.com/thornews

  • 08:38 Blastoff! SpaceX launches 74 satellites from California, nails 400th Falcon 9 landing!

    Blastoff! SpaceX launches 74 satellites from California, nails 400th Falcon 9 landing!

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    A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launched the Transporter 13 mission from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California on March 15, 2025 at 2:43 a.m. EDT (0643 GMT; 11:43 p.m. on March 14 local California time). Full Story: https://www.space.com/space-exploration/la

  • 00:30 Pan: Tarantula Nebula

    Pan: Tarantula Nebula

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    The Universe is a dusty place, as this NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope Picture of the Week shows. Featured in this image are swirling clouds of gas and dust near the Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud. About 160 000 light-years away in the con

  • 00:30 Pan: NGC 346

    Pan: NGC 346

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    Say hello to one of the Milky Way’s neighbours! Today’s NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope Picture of the Week features a scene from one of the closest galaxies to the Milky Way, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The SMC is a dwarf galaxy located about 200 0

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